Journal du Club des Cordeliers - Nigeria's Tinubu signs major tax overhaul

The west African economic powerhouse has a tax-to-GDP ratio of 13.5 percent, according to government figures, which is below the continental average.

The country, split among 36 states, has long struggled to reform its tax system -- with the government saying its new package will "harmonise" levies across the nation.

"For too long, our tax system has been a patchwork—complex, inequitable, and burdensome," Tinubu said on social media ahead of the signing, promising relief for poor and working-class Nigerians.

The president's earlier reforms -- slashing a costly fuel subsidy and liberalising the naira exchange rate -- have won the praise of economists, saying such measures were long overdue.

But they’ve also sparked massive inflation and a cost of living crisis.

The four laws -- the Nigeria Tax Law, Nigeria Tax Administration Law, Nigeria Revenue Service (Establishment) Law, and Joint Revenue Board (Establishment) Law -- are a "one-stop shop," simultaneously increasing revenue generation and reducing the tax burden on low-income earners, tax expert Chukwuema Eze told AFP.

With the country experiencing one of its worst economic crises in decades, the new laws exempt low-revenue small businesses from paying company tax and reduce corporate tax to 25 percent from 30 percent.

The new regime also streamlines tax collection and reorganises revenue-sharing between federal and state governments -- though without completely upending the system that sees poorer, mostly northern states benefit from money put into the national pot from the oil-rich south.

Major tweaks to the revenue-sharing system were dropped as the bills wound their way through the legislature, after proving controversial in a country where north and south remain divided along both economic, religious and ethnic lines.

One of the laws renames the country's tax office to Nigerian Revenue Service (NRS) and strengthens its revenue generation capacity, though the federal government's earnings from the value-added tax (VAT) will decline, with more money allocated to individual states.

- Easing business environment -

The government hopes the reforms will ease the cost of doing business for both domestic and foreign firms operating in the west African powerhouse, whose economy has dived from the largest in Africa to fourth place under Tinubu’s reforms.

However, some tax experts including Nongomin Joshua, of Nongomin & Co, Practitioners, said the reforms will mean little if the government, marred by decades of corruption, can't spend the money effectively.

"The question is, how effective, efficient, and how prudent are they managing what they have been collecting with the current taxes?" said Nongomin Joshua, of Nongomin & Co, Practitioners, an accounting group.

Economist Kelvin Emmanuel based in Abuja, the capital, said the new reforms would be key in raising the tax-to-GDP ratio, a struggle for many African countries where millions work in the informal sector.

"It will also strengthen the fiscal administration of local governments around Nigeria, as the new framework seeks to create a comprehensive governance framework for local governments around autonomy," he told AFP.

H.Henry--JdCdC